Drake Jewel

[2] The images on the jewel are open to interpretation; David Shields of the Omohundro Institute writes that the images suggest that the joint effort of the African and English will liberate the world from Spain, such as Drake's alliance with the Cimarron and Elizabeth's alliance with Ahmad al-Mansur against the Spanish.

[1] The Cimarron alliance connection was also noted by Miranda Kaufmann, Nikki Marmery and Duane Van Dieman.

[6][7][8] Historian John Sugden states: "One of the subjects is a white European, an Englishman or possibly even a woman.

"[5] Karen Dalton, reinterpreting the concept of visual culture to the English Renaissance and defining the otherness of race, ethnicity and gender in the essay "Art For the Sake of Dynasty: The Black Emperor in the Drake Jewel and Elizabethan Imperial Imagery", writes that the jewel is a manifestation of the queen herself and of her imperial aspirations.

[2] Kevin Jackson in Chronicles of London writes that the regal lady is presumably Elizabeth I herself and the African man is presumably a slave.