Drayage

Some research defines it specifically as "a truck pickup from or delivery to a seaport, border point, inland port, or intermodal terminal with both the trip origin and destination in the same urban area".

Every import or export that arrives or leaves an ocean port must at some point be moved by drayage.

[5] An estimated 30 million marine containers move in and out of the United States on an annual basis.

Dray activities generally occurred at marine ports, spreading to canal and rail terminals.

Although drayage is a very small component (both in terms of time and distance) of the supply chain, its cost and potential problems can be disproportionately high.

Every shipping container that arrives or leaves an ocean port must at some point be moved by marine drayage.

A dray at a railroad car, modeled at the Steam Museum in Swindon, UK
Shipping containers at the terminal at Port Elizabeth, New Jersey. Units in the foreground have been placed on chassis and await drayage to their destination.