Drotaverine

[6] It is available in Asia,[specify] Central and Eastern Europe (Poland,[7] Hungary,[8] Estonia,[9] Latvia,[10] Lithuania[11]) under several brand names.

[5] Drotaverine decreases active ionized calcium supply binding to smooth muscle cells due to inhibition of phosphodiesterase and intracellular accumulation of cAMP.

[5] Overdose of Drotaverine potentially can cause atrioventricular (AV) block, cardiac arrest, paralysis of respiratory system.

[14] An article from 2013 described the effects from overdose (in a 19-year-old female) as including vomiting, seizures and fatal cardiac toxicity.

[18] In 2016, the young Russian chess player Ivan Bukavshin died of a massive overdose (or poisoning) of the drug, which was initially thought to be a stroke; the dose detected in his blood was 17 mg/kg.