Dependence arises in a dose-dependent manner and produces withdrawal symptoms that vary with the type of drug that is consumed.
Many prescription and legal nonprescription substances can also cause withdrawal symptoms when individuals stop consuming them, even if they were taken as directed by a physician.
The route of administration, whether intravenous, intramuscular, oral, or otherwise can also play a role in determining the severity of withdrawal symptoms.
The term "cold turkey" is used to describe the sudden cessation of use of a substance and the ensuing physiologic manifestations.
For example, the function of shivering in response to cold is to produce heat maintaining internal temperature at around 37 °C (98.6 °F).
[15] The findings are based on low quality evidence suggesting it may be safe to stop anti-hypertensive medications.