[3] The data was originally obtained by Center for Advanced Defense Studies (C4ADS), before being shared with the Norwegian financial newspaper E24, who then lead the investigation.
[1] Dubai has been described as "one of the most opaque financial hubs in the world", and one of the most popular destinations for illicit money.
[1] According to Brussels Times, the leak revealed "a huge black hole in international anti-money laundering efforts centered [sic] around the Dubai real estate market".
[4] The leak revealed that over 100 members of the Russian elite held properties in the city, including heavily-sanctioned individuals like Ruslan Baisarov and Ramzan Kadyrov.
[2][4] The investigation[5] in Norway revealed how 85% of the locally listed owners of Dubai properties had not reported it to their national tax authorities as required by law.