Magdalene Sibylle was born in Königsberg, the daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia and Marie Eleonore of Cleves.

She married John George on 19 July 1607 in Torgau.

Magdalene Sibylle was a friend of the Swedish queen Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, her niece, and was interested in painting, poetry and gardening.

Magdalene Sibylle used Swedish prisoners of war to work on the Dresdner Festungsbau ("Dresden fortress").

As a widow in 1656, Magdalene Sibylle retired to the Dresdner Frau Kurfürstin-Haus and died in Dresden in 1659.