The town was originally founded by Raja Horil Singh following the division of erstwhile territory of Bhojpur.

In Ballia district, Dumraon Raj covered rights of more than 70 villages which are located on the banks of the Ganga river.

[6] Dumraon was formally constituted as a municipality in 1877; during the late 1800s, the town was a producer and exporter of sugar.

Ustad Bismillah Khan (21 March 1916 – 21 August 2006) (born as Qamaruddin Khan), often referred to by the honorific title Ustad, was an Indian musician credited with popularizing the shehnai, a subcontinental wind instrument of the oboe class.

He was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 2001, becoming the third classical musician after M. S. Subbulakshmi and Ravi Shankar to be accorded this distinction.

[10][11] Murali Manohar Srivastava, resident of Dumraon, is a great journalist, writer and researcher.

His famous books are the biography of Bharat Ratna Shehnai player Ustad Bismillah Khan “Shehnai player Ustad Bismillah Khan (2009)”, Jazbaat (Ghazal) 2021, ‘Veer Kunwar Singh Ki Prem Katha’ (2023) book on the great leader of 1857 Gadar Babu Veer Kunwar Singh.