The Terrible Jew Samuel Elias, better known as Dutch Sam (4 April 1775 in Petticoat Lane, London – 3 July 1816), was a professional boxing pioneer and was active between the years 1801 and 1814.

For the first nineteen rounds, Caleb had the advantage, having landed a dangerous blow to Sam's temple in the ninth, which caused the odds on Baldwin to increase to 4-1.

[7] Apparently Sam had accidentally hit Belcher in the face as he was falling over with a hand just touching the ring, a violation of the London Prize Rules.

In the cruel, unregulated rules of the London Prize Ring, in the eighteenth round, Sam punched Belcher in the head while holding him by the neck, causing him to drop to the ground.

[9] Sam then defeated Ben Medley for a purse of 200 Guineas on 31 May 1810 in 39 rounds at Moulsey Hurst near Hampton in the London borough of Richmond.

On 21–23 December 1812, Sam performed in a sparring exhibition, with the boxer Bill Cropley and two others in the Theatre Royal Pavilion on Newcastle Street.

[10] After a four year retirement from the ring, Sam attempted an ill-advised last fight on 8 December 1814 against Devonshire baker William Knowlesworthy, a name written as Nosworthy in current historical records.

As a result of age and inadequate training, he lost to Knowlesworthy after 40 total rounds, though he showed signs of fatigue as early as the fourth when he was knocked to the mat by his younger opponent.

[11] Feeling overconfident before the match, Sam had requested a smaller ring of only 20 feet square believing it would improve his chance of winning, but in a battle where he was overpowered, he had less time to backpedal and rest.

Had he taken proper care of himself, he might have lived to a good, ripe old age and held the championship for many years..."[2] The greatest boxing authority of the era, Pierce Egan, declared that Sam was a fighter unsurpassed for ‘force’ and ‘ponderosity’, and that his ‘blows were truly dreadful to encounter’ (Boxiana, vol.

[1] Dutch Sam features as a character in Rodney Stone, a Gothic mystery and boxing novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.