e-governance
[2] G2C e-governance is unbalanced across the globe as not everyone has Internet access and computing skills, but the United States, European Union, and Asia are ranked the top three in development.
[3] Municipal governments in the United States also use government-to-customer technology to complete transactions and inform the public.
Government Technology's "Best of the Web 2012" named Louisville, KY, Arvada, CO, Raleigh, NC, Riverside, CA, and Austin, TX the top five G2C city portals.
This is likely due to the ability to meet the language and literacy differences among their constituents.India's UPI(Unified Payments Network) has become world's largest digital payments network which allows its users to combine multiple bank accounts into a single app, allowing users to send and receive money without sharing account numbers or other details.
[6] A full switch to government-to-citizen e-governance will cost a large amount of money in development and implementation.
Customers identified the following barriers to government-to-customer e-governance: not everyone has Internet access, especially in rural or low-income areas, G2C technology can be problematic for citizens who lack computing skills.
It is the relationship between online tools, sources, and articles that help employees to maintain the communication with the government and their own companies.
Some of the benefits of G2E expansion include: Government-to-employees (abbreviated G2E) is the online interactions through instantaneous communication tools between government units and their employees.
[14] It also gives employees the possibility of accessing information in regard to compensation and benefits policies, training and learning opportunities and civil rights laws.
Many governments around the world have gradually turned to Information technologies (IT) in an effort to keep up with today's demands.
Historically, many governments in this sphere have only been reactive, but recently there has been a more proactive approach in developing comparable services such things as e-commerce and e-business.
Not only does e-government introduce a new form of record keeping, but it also continues to become more interactive to better the process of delivering services and promoting constituency participation.
E-government brings many advantages to play such as facilitating information delivery, application process/renewal between both business and private citizen, and participation with the constituency.
[19] Within every of those interaction domains, four sorts of activities take place:[20] [21] Pushing data over the internet, e.g.: regulative services, general holidays, public hearing schedules, issue briefs, notifications, etc.
It is an IP-based virtual private network based on broadband technology introduced in April 1998 and further upgraded in February 2004.
[22] The objective of G2B is to reduce difficulties for business, provide immediate information and enable digital communication by e-business (XML).
In addition, the government should re-use the data in the report proper, and take advantage of commercial electronic transaction protocol.
For instance, there is no need to commute to a government agency's office, and transactions may be conducted online instantly with the click of a mouse.
In addition, E-Government can help businesses navigate through government regulations by providing an intuitive site organization with a wealth of useful applications.
Therefore, failure to comply with environmental regulations up to 70%, a staggering figure[25] most likely due to confusion about the requirements, rather than the product of willful disregard of the law.
The network reliability, as well as information on government bodies, can influence public opinion and prejudice hidden agenda.
In the worst case, there is so much information in the electron transfer between the government and business, a system which is like totalitarian could be developed.
[28][29] The government site does not consider about "potential to reach many users including those who live in remote areas, are homebound, have low literacy levels, exist on poverty line incomes.
[36] The challenge includes security drawbacks such as spoofing, tampering, repudiation, disclosure, elevation of privilege, denial of service and other cyber crimes.
Other sets of problems include implementation parts such as funding, management of change, privacy, authentication, delivery of services, standardization, technology issues and use of local languages.
