[2][1][6] He supervised many PhD students, working on a wide variety of topics.

[1] He made notable contributions to developing thought on ontology, essences, dualistic interactionism, and Locke studies.

[7] The empirical aspect informs and establish what kinds of things do exists.

Lowe’s four-category ontology takes inspiration from Aristotle’s Categories.

Rather than ‘being said of’ or ‘being said in,’ Lowe introduces two distinctions: substantial and non-substantial; universals and particulars.

'[8] Lowe argues that his view has an advantage over other Universalist ontologies like that of David Armstrong.

Consider the law-statement, ‘Planets move in elliptical orbits.’ Lowe claims, according to a theory like Armstrong’s, a second-order necessitation relation obtains between the first-order properties: being a planet and moving in an elliptical orbit.

Instead, the four-category ontology would state that the law amounts to the attribute, moving in an elliptical orbit, characterizing the kind, planet

A further advantage is in the accounts ability to distinguish between dispositional and occurrent states of objects.

Where counterfactuals need a covering claim, “all things being equal,” the four-category ontology can capture the dispositions through kinds and objects.An object possesses a disposition to F just in case it instantiates a kind which is characterized by the property of being F. Thus, for example, an object O has a disposition to be dissolved by water just in case O instantiates a kind, K, such that the law obtains that water dissolves K.[8]The modes and attributes capture the object actually dissolving by their relation to the universal of the object.

[3][4][11] Non-Cartesian substance dualism (NCSD) is a type of dualism of persons and their organized bodies, wherein persons though distinct from their organized bodies are bearers of both mental properties and certain physical properties.

It maintains that this is a relationship between two distinct, but not necessary separable, individual substances, in the sense of ‘individual substance’ according to which this term denotes a persisting, concrete object or bearer of properties, capable of undergoing change in respect of at least some of those properties as time passes.