E Ink

[3] The notion of a low-power paper-like display had existed since the 1970s, originally conceived by researchers at Xerox PARC, but had never been realized.

[4] While a post-doctoral student at Stanford University, physicist Joseph Jacobson envisioned a multi-page book with content that could be changed at the push of a button and required little power to use.

Albert, a mechanical engineering major, to create the display technology required to realize his vision.

[1] Comiskey experimented with charging and encapsulating those all-white particles in microcapsules mixed in with a dark dye.

The result was a system of microcapsules that could be applied to a surface and could then be charged independently to create black and white images.

The use of a microencapsulated electrophoretic medium solves the lifetime issues and permits the fabrication of a bistable electronic display solely by means of printing.

They are the manufacturer and distributor of electrophoretic displays, a kind of electronic paper, that they market under the name E Ink.

Albert and Barrett Comiskey, along with Joseph Jacobson (professor in the MIT Media Lab), Jerome Rubin (LexisNexis co-founder) and Russ Wilcox.

The purchase by PVI magnified the scale of production for the E Ink e-paper display, since Prime View also owned BOE Hydis Technology Co., Ltd and maintained a strategic partner relationship with Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corp. (now Chimei InnoLux Corporation, part of the Hon Hai-Foxconn Group).

Foxconn is the sole ODM partner for Prime View's Netronix Inc., the supplier of E Ink panel e-readers, but the end-use products appear in various guises, e.g., as Bookeen, COOL-ER, PocketBook, etc.

[16][17][18] E Ink is made into a film and then integrated into electronic displays, enabling novel applications in phones, watches, magazines, wearables and e-readers, etc.

[19][20][21][22] The Motorola F3 was the first mobile phone to employ E Ink technology in its display to take advantage of the material's ultra-low power consumption.

[23] The October 2008 limited edition North American issue of Esquire was the first magazine cover to integrate E Ink.

[25][26] Transport for London made trials of E Ink displays at bus stops to offer timetables, route maps and real-time travel information.

E Ink's "Vizplex" technology is used by Sony Reader, MOTOFONE F3, Barnes & Noble Nook, Kindle, txtr Beagle, and Kobo eReader.

[41] Products using this include Sony Digital Paper DPT-S1,[42] Pocketbook CAD Reader Flex,[43] Dasung Paperlike HD and Onyx Boox MAX 3.

[46][47] E Ink Carta, announced in January 2013 at International CES, features 768 by 1024 resolution on 6-inch displays, with 212 ppi pixel density.

[56] The overall contrast in a product depends on the entire panel stack, including touch sensor and front light (when provided).