E chart

This chart does not depend on a patient's easy familiarity with a particular writing system (such as the Latin alphabet).

This also allows use with patients not readily fluent in the alphabet – for example, in China.

The chart contains rows of the letter "E" in various kinds of rotation.

Depending on how far the patient can "read", his or her visual acuity is quantified.

It works on the same principle as Snellen's distant vision chart.