The state shares international borders with Uganda in the south, with Kenya in the south-east and with Ethiopia in the north-east.

The Ilemi Triangle in the east, between Eastern Equatoria and Lake Turkana, is or has been disputed among all three abutting states (South Sudan, Kenya and Ethiopia).

Further west, Lopa, Torit and Ikwoto counties are inhabited by the Ketebo, Otuho,Mokoyi Lopit, Lango, Pari, and Tenet people who inhabit a portion of the lopit hills after they split from Didinga and Murle early in the 19th century and Lokoya of Lowoi.

[5] Most of the inhabitants of Eastern Equatoria live by subsistence farming, and also raise cattle, sheep and goats.

The Didinga Hills in Budi county have rich and fertile soil that is used for cultivation of tobacco, potatoes, maize, and Dura.