He earned a bachelor's degree in Zoology summa cum laude at the University of Washington in 1928 and a Doctor of Philosophy in physiology from St Catherine's College, Oxford in 1932 where he studied neurophysiology, writing his thesis on the theory of the synapse under Nobel Prize laureate Sir Charles Sherrington.
Commander in the Medical Corps of the United States Navy as a flight surgeon and became a leading authority on diving hazards and precautions, as well as submarine and aviation medicine.
Because he was fluent in German, after the victory in Europe he spent time in Berlin recruiting scientist.
He was the first director of the Division of Alcohol Studies and Rehabilitation of the Virginia Health Department, founded in 1948.
In collaboration with his wife Phebe Hoff, he edited a multi-volume history of Preventive Medicine in World War II, which formed a part of the official history of the Medical Department of the United States Army in World War II published by the Historical Unit, U.S. Army Medical Department.