Ebenezer Mattoon (August 19, 1755 – September 11, 1843) was a United States representative from Massachusetts.

He was born in North Amherst in the Province of Massachusetts Bay on August 19, 1755.

He served from the rank of captain to that of major general of the Fourth Division, State militia.

Mattoon was elected as a Federalist to the Sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Samuel Lyman.

He was elected captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts in 1817 and served a one-year term.