Edmilson Silva Costa (born 8 April 1950 in Pedreiras) is a Brazilian economist, college professor and politician affiliated to the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), serving as the party's General Secretary.

In 1992, after defending the thesis A Política Salarial no Brasil, 1964-1985: 21 anos de arrocho salarial e acumulação predatória (The Wage Policy in Brazil, 1964-1985: 21 years of wage squeeze and predatory accumulation),[1] under the supervision of Waldir da Silva Quadros, professor of Economist at the State University of Campinas, he became Doctor of Economist at Unicamp.

He was a candidate for Mayor of São Paulo for the Communist Party in 2008.

[2] On 26 April 2010, Costa was announced as candidate for Vice President of Brazil in the 2010 elections, along with then-General Secretary Ivan Pinheiro.

[3] On 17 October 2016, he became General Secretary of the Brazilian Communist Party, replacing Ivan Pinheiro.