Eduard Karlovich Brandt (Russian: Эдуард Карлович Брандт; 15 February 1839 – 17 November 1891) was a Russo-German comparative anatomist and zoologist who contributed to studies on the nervous system of insects.
He then studied zoology, training under his uncle Fedor Fedorovich Brandt (German form Johann Friedrich von Brandt), particularly examining the insects and received a master's degree in 1876.
In 1863 he became an assistant in comparative anatomy at the Imperial Military Medical Academy.
He made field trips in Paris with Émile Blanchard and Henri Milne-Edwards in 1866 and met Richard Owen in London.
His major work was on the nervous system of insects for which he received an award from the French Academy of Sciences.