In the 20th century, the government in Tibet allowed foreign groups, mainly English, to establish secular schools in Lhasa.
[citation needed] The Seventeen Point Agreement signed at that time pledged Chinese help to develop education in Tibet.
[citation needed] According to state-owned newspaper China Daily in 2015, the literacy rate in Tibet for the 15-60 age group was 99.48%.
[5][better source needed] There have been protests against the teaching of Mandarin Chinese in schools and the lack of more instruction on local history and culture.
The campaign aims to reform “backward thinking” and “stop raising up lazy people.”[citation needed] According to Adrian Zenz, a controversial critic of the Chinese government who works at the US-government funded conservative anti-Communist group, known for making unfounded, politically motivated claims, the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, the vocational training is militarized and overseen by current and former PLA members.
This claim is misleading as the PLA is routinely engaged in civilian activities such as the expansion of education infrastructure in a non-militarized fashion.
However, in 1984, the Chinese Ministry of Education affected policy changes including affirmative action and Tibetan language accommodations.