Educational management
[9] It may be shaped by pedagogical approaches contributed by theorists and researchers, such as John Dewey, Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner, and Albert Bandura.
[12] The goals of Froebel's kindergarten are to awaken a child's physical senses through learning experiences and provide a common ground for individuals to advance.
Margaret and Rachel McMillan were social reformers in England who spent their lives trying to address poverty[13] and founded the Open-Air Nursery School and Training Centre in London.
The pedagogical principles of the Nursery School may be found in educational frameworks requiring teachers to nurture and teach a curriculum which covers an exploration of the world, aesthetics, music and movement, and literacy.
[17] The school community should offer learning opportunities which are interesting and meaningful and prepare individuals to live in a democratic society.
Projects in Dewey's curriculum encourage exploration, self-discovery and sensorial experiences which provide a holistic approach, focuses on the children's interests, and are developmentally appropriate.
[20] Waldorf education, created by the Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner, focuses on the whole child: body, mind, and spirit.
[21][22] The Waldorf curriculum consists of storytelling, aesthetics (arts), practical work, imaginative play, and discovery of nature.
[34] Character traits and attributes include resilience, self-discipline, empathy and compassion, focusing on the social and emotional development of each student.
[38][39][40] Specialized schools integrate programmes with corporate partners in information and communication technology, entrepreneurship, art, design, media and Da Vinci Learning.
Griffith University describes planning as based on previously-collected evidence; the process also involves assessment, technologically-informed learning and discipline-based capabilities.
[49] Financial assistance includes government subsidies, allowances and grants which are applied according to income levels and other factors, such as age or institution.
[52] An instructional model may be used as a plan which includes a theoretical foundation, learning outcomes, sequenced activities and task structures.
[55] Departmental objectives include a review of organisational structures and procedures, staff skills development and enhancement, and leadership succession and transition.
[60] This requires frequent staff training to ensure that educators at all levels are fully equipped with the needed skill set, and managers must identify and conceptualise relevant information for instruction.
Relevant courses are designed for children on the autism spectrum or with intellectual disabilities, visual impairment, hearing loss or cerebral palsy.
[69] This department's primary role is to create curriculum and programmes which promote character, arts, citizenship, moral education, and global awareness.
[72][73] Overseas learning opportunities can be integrated to enable students to become aware of diverse cultures and backgrounds, with the goals of global connectivity and collaboration.
[74][75] Teachers plan and implement lessons based on pedagogical practices in an educational framework,[76] managing and updating student portfolios to recognise and assess diverse domains of development: social, emotional, intellectual, physical, moral and aesthetic.
Pedagogical practices are supported by the curriculum philosophy, the goals and objectives of the subject matter, and individual student learning and developmental needs.
[76] Teachers adopt classroom-management strategies and incorporate instructional approaches which promote independence, discipline, and a positive learning mindset.
[83] They provide structured support in strategic leadership, human resources, budgeting and administrative management to ensure that the educational system functions effectively and efficiently.
[88] They are tasked with procuring resources for the school to achieve its strategic goals and ensuring that staff are trained and equipped with specialised skills, such as first aid.
Principals are also required to engage with parents and community partners and provide performance indicators to the ministry (or department) of education.
[91] Strategic goals for a school include excellence and engagement in learning, building character and leadership and developing staff competencies, collaborative partnerships, holistic education, quality student outcomes and lifelong, future-ready learners.
