He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014 with long-term collaborator and then-wife May-Britt Moser, and previous mentor John O'Keefe for their work identifying the brain's positioning system.

Moser went on to undertake postdoctoral training with Richard G. Morris at the Centre for Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, from 1995 to 1997,[14] and was a visiting postdoctoral fellow at the laboratory of John O'Keefe at the University College, London for two months.

[15] In 2005, he and his then-wife May-Britt Moser discovered grid cells [16] in the brain's medial entorhinal cortex.

Grid cells are specialized neurons that provide the brain with a coordinate system and a metric for space.

In 2018, he discovered a neural network that expresses a person's sense of time in experiences and memories located in the brain's lateral entorhinal cortex.

[17] He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014 with long-term collaborator and then-wife May-Britt Moser, and previous mentor John O'Keefe for their work identifying the brain's positioning system.

[24] In 2015 he became an external scientific member of the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, with which he has collaborated over several years.

[25] He is also an honorary professor at the Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems at the University of Edinburgh Medical School.