[3] He had run unsuccessfully for mayor multiple times, seeing himself as a representative of the underclass, and instilled in the younger Jeffries a sense of civic responsibility.

Jeffries was already more moderate in stance than his radical father, eager to work within the existing power structure, and Lodge, who shared a similar outlook, was a natural ally.

[3] In 1939, Jeffries ran for mayor of Detroit against Richard Reading as an economically conservative, socially responsible reformer.

[5] Jeffries bid for a fifth term was unsuccessful because of his unpopularity in the wake of the 1943 race riot, and he lost to councilman Eugene Van Antwerp.

[4] Edward Jeffries suffered a heart attack on March 18, 1950, while on vacation in Miami Beach, Florida.