Edwin Arnold Vail (August 19, 1817 – July 31, 1885) was a physician and political figure in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada.
He was born in Sussex Vale, New Brunswick, the son of John Cougle Vail and Charlotte Hannah Arnold, and studied medicine in Edinburgh and Glasgow.
He served as Speaker for the New Brunswick assembly from 1865 to 1866, when he was defeated in a general election.
In April 1885, Vail was named to the province's Legislative Council.
His brother William Berrian Vail served in the Nova Scotia assembly and the Canadian House of Commons.