The seventh of twelve sons, Feruglio finished grammar school in 1914, and then enrolled at the University of Florence.
After travelling for a year in Italy, Feruglio returned to Argentina to continue geologic studies in Patagonia and the province of Salta.
He became attached to the National University of Cuyo in Mendoza, with the mission of reorganizing its institute for oil studies, and creating a course of mineralogy and geology.
The main contributions for which Feruglio is remembered are his scientific studies on geology and morphology in Italy and in Patagonia.
One of the Villanova Caves, in the province of Udine, Italy bears his name, as does the Museum of Paleontology Egidio Feruglio located in Trelew, Argentina.