Eguisheim (French: [egisaim] ⓘ;[3] German: Egisheim; Alsatian: Egsa) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Two parts from a human skull (from the frontal and parietal bones) were found in 1865 and given to Charles-Frédéric Faudel, a physician in nearby Colmar, who carefully described the find[5] and noted they were found undisturbed between animal bones, which allowed for a relative dating at a time when the very existence of prehistoric humans was still doubted.

[6] The find became known in France in 1867 through Paul Broca,[7] and subsequently became a topic of discussion in the debate over what would become paleoanthropology.

[6] Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau and Ernest Hamy, in their 1873 Crania ethnica, grouped Eguisheim and others with the finds at Neanderthal and Naulette, creating a "race of Canstadt" that was so flexible that almost all fossil remains of humans would fit.

One reviewer cast some doubt on Schwalbe's comparison and argued that only the cranial vault was substantially different from the others, but this, he said, could have been a normal variation from the mean within a group.

[13] In early historic times it was inhabited by the Gaul tribe of the Senones; the Romans conquered the village and developed here the cultivation of wine.

[citation needed] In the early Middle Ages, the Dukes of Alsace built a castle here (11th century) around which the current settlement developed.

Popular destinations are Les Trois Châteaux (in Husseren-les-Châteaux) and Château de Hagueneck.