Egyptian Government Muslim Brotherhood Pro-Morsi protesters Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Supported by: Kuwait[2] Saudi Arabia[3] United Arab Emirates[3] Mohamed Morsi(President of Egypt, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces) Hesham Qandil(Prime Minister of Egypt) Saad El-Katatni(Chairman of the FJP) Mohammed Badie(Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood) Khairat el-Shater(Deputy Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood) Abdel Fattah el-Sisi(Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Minister of Defense) Hosni Mubarak(Former President of Egypt) Sedki Sobhi(Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces) Mohamed Ibrahim(Minister of Interior) Ahmed el-Tayeb(Grand Imam of al-Azhar)Younes Makhioun(Chairman of Al-Nour Party) Presidency Government Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014) Supporters Opponents Family

The military arrested Morsi and Muslim Brotherhood leaders,[12] and declared Chief Justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court Adly Mansour as the interim president of Egypt.

[11] Ensuing protests in favour of Morsi were violently suppressed culminating with the dispersal and massacre of pro-Morsi sit-ins on 14 August 2013, amid ongoing unrest; journalists[26] and several hundred protestors were killed by police and military force.

After assuming office, President Morsi appointed additional members to the advisory council from 35 political parties and invited the elected bodies to meet to discuss the ruling of the court.

[36][37] In a poll published by PEW research center in May 2013, 54% of Egyptians approved of Morsi against a 43% who saw him negatively, while about 30% were happy with the direction of the country, 73% thought positively of the army and only 35% were content about local policy authorities.

Sheikh Essam Abdulamek, a member of parliament's Shura Council, said in an interview on television that Christians should not participate in the protests and warned them "do not sacrifice your children [since the] general Muslim opinion will not be silent about the ousting of the president.

[65][66] On the other hand, the coup was preceded by the reconciliation of military and economic elites who organized shortages of fuel to provoke discontent of general population toward the Morsi administration.

The protestors expressed their anger at the Brotherhood, which they accuse of hijacking Egypt's revolution and using electoral victories to monopolize power and impose Islamic law.

[68] However, independent observers raised concerns about the wild exaggeration of the number of actual anti-Morsi protestors, with one crowd statistical expert study indicating that a little over than 1 million people protested against Morsi across the whole country.

[80] Incidentally, the Court of Cassation ordered the reinstatement of former general prosecutor Abdel Maguid Mahmoud who was replaced with Talaat Abdallah following the constitutional declaration on 22 November 2012.

[They agreed on a road map] that includes initial steps that realize the building of a strong and coherent Egyptian society that does not exclude any of its sons and currents and that ends the state of conflict and division.

[109] Anti-Morsi protesters shouted "Allahu akbar" and "Long live Egypt" and launched fireworks[105] as green laser lights held by those in the crowd lit the sky.

It was a necessary decision that the Armed Forces' leadership took to protect democracy, maintain the country's unity and integrity, restore stability and get back on track towards achieving the goals of the 25 January Revolution.

Al-Asar promised to seek remedies on the situation[144] After dawn prayers on 8 July clashes erupted between pro-Morsi protesters and the army at the Republican Guard compound.

[151] The Investigative Reporting Program at the University of California at Berkeley showed that a State Department programme ostensible to support democracy provided funds to activists and politicians for fomenting unrest in Egypt after the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak in February 2011.

"[153] The public prosecutor issued a freeze on the assets of the Muslim Brotherhood's leaders, as well as other supporters pending investigations in ongoing cases related to events in al-Mokatam, al-Nahda square and the Republican Guards Club.

[157] Morsi's family also held a press conference in Cairo in which his children accused the military of kidnapping him, as well as announcing local and international legal measures they had initiated against General Abdul Fatah el-Sisi.

[159][160] Following the mid-August incidents and the imposition of a state of emergency, security forces targeted the Brotherhood and its allies with a wave of arrests of leaders and senior members.

The violent dispersals carried out by the security forces were widely denounced by world leaders, with the exception of Gulf Arab states: the U.A.E., Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain.

[163][164][165] On 10 December, thirteen Egyptian and international human rights organizations urged Cairo's interim authorities to probe the mass killing of protesters in the capital on 14 August.

"As a first step toward accountability, the government should establish an effective independent fact-finding committee to investigate responsibility throughout the chain of command for the unlawful killings," the rights groups said.

"After the unprecedented levels of violence and casualties seen since the ousting of Mohamed Morsi, investigations must provide real answers and cannot be another whitewash of the security forces' record," Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui of Amnesty International said in the statement.

[171] In 2011, Egypt opened a probe on former Interior Minister Habib el-Adly's reported role in the New Year's Eve bombing of al-Qiddissin Church in Alexandria in which twenty-four people were killed.

According to the UK diplomatic sources quoted in the reports, the former interior ministry had masterminded the deadly church attack with the intent to blame it on Islamists, escalate government crackdown on them, and gain increased western support for the regime.

The proclamation also pointed, sourcing reports on UK intelligence services, that interior ministry officer Maj. Fathi Abdelwahid began on 11 December 2011, preparing Ahmed Mohamed Khaled, who had spent eleven years in Egyptian prisons, to contact an extremist group named Jundullah and coordinate with it the attack on the Alexandria church.

[177] In April 2021, an Egyptian series called 'The Choice' received condemnation on social media platforms for depicting the controversial Rab’a massacre by apparently adopting the state's narrative.

The team behind the series claims to have used archival footage of the event issued by news media like Al-Jazeera and the Egyptian Center for Human Rights, along with witness testimonies.

However, a careful selection of short clips and pictures was done, not masking, but manipulating the reality concerning the Egyptian security personnel and their role in the massacre, portrayed as a terror event in the series.

[citation needed] The decision by the Egyptian military to take state authority out of the hands of the ruling Muslim Brotherhood government marks another sharp turning point in Egypt's incomplete revolution.

[235] If Obama accepts that a coup had taken place, then U.S. law requires him to cut off military and economic aid to Egypt such as previous incidents in Mauritania, Mali, Madagascar and Pakistan.