It is found in central Argentina and northward through Paraguay and Uruguay to Amazonian Brazil; earlier reports from Bolivia probably refer to Elachistocleis haroi.

[2] Elachistocleis bicolor is an abundant species occurring in seasonally flooded grasslands and in dry and moist forests.

Its name refers to its striking colour pattern with brownish back and yellowish dorsum.

[4] Elachistocleis bicolor feed primarily on ants[1] and termites, with other insects making minor contributions to their diets.

[3] Reproduction takes place during the wet season[4] in pools with standing water.