Elaine Straus Ron (Hebrew: איליין רון) (1943-November 20, 2010) was an American epidemiologist specializing in radiation and thyroid cancer.

She was a postdoctoral researcher and visiting associate in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) environmental epidemiology branch from 1980 to 1981.

[3] Ron was an advocate of equity for women scientists at work, preventing cruelty to animals, and advancing human rights.

She launched a major investigation into the potential adverse effects of clinical trial screening among children and young adults.

[3] On March 9, 2011, the NCI hosted a memorial symposium on research strategies in radiation and cancer in Ron's honor.