[4][5] Montague received a bachelor's degree in biology from the University of Alabama[6] and an MD from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1950.
She met her husband, Meredith "Monty" Montague III, while working in the emergency room at Kings County Hospital Center; she overheard him saying that he would never marry a woman doctor.
[3] She worked in Japan for two years while her husband was stationed at a MASH unit there.
Following clinical trials and a treatment program that Montague initiated at Anderson, breast-conserving therapy became established practice in the United States.
[2] Montague also pioneered new radiation therapy techniques and approaches for patients with advanced breast cancer, paved the way for chemotherapy to become part of a multimodal treatment approach,[2] and criticised the ongoing use of radical mastectomy.