Electrical brain stimulation

In the following century, the technique was improved by the invention of the stereotactic method by British neurosurgeon pioneer Victor Horsley (1857–1916), and by the development of chronic electrode implants by Swiss neurophysiologist Walter Rudolf Hess (1881–1973), José Delgado (1915–2011) and others, by using electrodes manufactured by straight insulated wire that could be inserted deep into the brain of freely-behaving animals, such as cats and monkeys.

EBS in human patients with epilepsy could trigger seizures on the surface of the brain and pathologic aggression and rage with stimulation of the amygdala.

[5] A comprehensive review of EBS research compiled a list of many different acute impacts of stimulation depending on the brain region targeted.

Following are some examples of the effects documented:[6] EBS in face-sensitive regions of the fusiform gyrus caused a patient to report that the faces of the people in the room with him had "metamorphosed" and became distorted: "Your nose got saggy, went to the left.

"[7] Examples of therapeutic EBS are: Strong electric currents may cause a localized lesion in the nervous tissue, instead of a functional reversible stimulation.