Electronic test equipment

[citation needed] The following items are used for basic measurement of voltages, currents, and components in the circuit under test.

These systems are widely employed for incoming inspection, quality assurance, and production testing of electronic devices and subassemblies.

Industry-standard communication interfaces link signal sources with measurement instruments in “rack-and-stack” or chassis-/mainframe-based systems, often under the control of a custom software application running on an external PC.

The original GPIB standard was developed in the late 1960s by Hewlett-Packard to connect and control the programmable instruments the company manufactured.

The IEEE-488 bus has long been popular because it is simple to use and takes advantage of a large selection of programmable instruments and stimuli.

[3] VME eXtensions for Instrumentation (VXI) are an electrical and mechanical standard used mainly with automatic test equipment (ATE).

VITA 46) is an ANSI standard based on the VMEbus with support for switched fabric using a high speed connector.

VXI combines VMEbus specifications with features from the general-purpose interface bus (GPIB) to meet the needs of instrumentation applications.

The original VME bus (VMEbus) uses Eurocards, rugged circuit boards that provide a 96-pin plug instead of an edge connector for durability.

VME64 extended (VME64x) is an improved version of the original VMEbus that features a 160-pin connector family, 3.3 V power supply pins, bandwidths up to 160 Mbit/s, injector/ejector locking handles, and hot swap capability.

VXI combines VMEbus specifications with features from the general-purpose interface bus (GPIB) to meet the needs of instrumentation applications.

[4] PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation, (PXI), is a peripheral bus specialized for data acquisition and real-time control systems.

Introduced in 1997, PXI uses the CompactPCI 3U and 6U form factors and adds trigger lines, a local bus, and other functions suited for measurement applications.

[6] The Universal Serial Bus (USB) connects peripheral devices, such as keyboards and mice, to PCs.

Tektronix 7854 oscilloscope with curve tracer and time-domain reflectometer plug-ins. Lower module is a mainframe of the series Tektronix TM500 and has a digital voltmeter , a digital counter , an old WWVB frequency standard receiver with phase comparator, and function generator .
Keysight commercial digital voltmeter checking a prototype
Voltcraft M-3850 portable multimeter
A multimeter with a built in clamp facility. Pushing the large button at the bottom opens the lower jaw of the clamp, allowing the clamp to be placed around a conductor (wire). Depending on sensor, some can measure both AC and DC current.
Leader Instruments LSG-15 signal generator.
Cable tester
Keithley Instruments Series 4200-CVU
Keithley Instruments Series 4200 CVU