Eli Martin Oboler (September 26, 1915 – June 15, 1983) was an American librarian who worked as the longtime librarian at the Idaho State University library, later renamed the Eli M. Oboler Library, from 1949 to 1980.

[1] Oboler was a noted defender of intellectual freedom and an anti-censorship activist.

During World War II Oboler served in the Lend-Lease Expediting Bureau and later in the United States Army.

[1] Every two years since 1986, the American Library Association has awarded the Eli M. Oboler Memorial Award for "the best published work in the area of intellectual freedom.

"[2] Oboler died at his home in Pocatello, Idaho, in 1983 after suffering from cancer.