Elihu Colman (May 11, 1841 – January 25, 1899) was an American lawyer and Republican politician.
He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Fond du Lac County during the 1872 session.
He later served as United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin in 1890 under U.S. President Benjamin Harrison.
He served in the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry Regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War, achieving the rank of quartermaster sergeant.
In 1880, he was the Republican nominee for Wisconsin's 5th congressional district, receiving 14,753 votes to 16,984 for Democratic incumbent Edward S. Bragg and 1,188 for Greenbacker John E. Thomas.