Elijah Rhoades (March 7, 1791 Chesterfield, Hampshire County, Massachusetts – February 9, 1858 Pittsfield, Berkshire County, Massachusetts) was an American politician from New York.
On March 4, 1818, he married Louisa Gardiner, a sister of Chief Judge Addison Gardiner (1797–1883).
He was a member of the New York State Senate (7th D.) from 1841 to 1844, sitting in the 64th, 65th, 66th and 67th New York State Legislatures.
At the New York state election, 1844, he ran on the Whig ticket for one of four vacancies as Canal Commissioner, but was defeated by the Democratic candidates.
He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1846.