Elisabeth Caland

Afterwards she studied piano with Marie Jaëll in Paris and 1884–86 with Ludwig Deppe in Berlin, after which she continued her education with Anna and Horace F. Clark-Steiniger (both were also students of Deppe), and 1895–96 with Josef Řebíček [de] (music theory).

She was the first to establish the conscious lowering of the shoulder blade as an art movement to develop the back muscles as a source of strength when playing the piano, which she taught practically.

She also introduced the shaking movement from the shoulder into the methodology as a systematic basis for the execution of tremolo figures and trills.

She wrote several books on piano technique, in which she described the "Deppe's method", as well as articles in the journal Musikpädagogische Blätter.

Fay, Amy: Music-Study in Germany (Chicago, 1880, Reprint New York 1991) ISBN 0548745412 Roth, Elgin: Die Wiederentdeckung der Einfachheit (Augsburg 2004) ISBN 3-89639-434-7 Wurm, Mary: Praktische Vorschule zur Caland-Lehre, Hannover 1914 Ydefeldt, Stefan, Die einfache runde Bewegung am Klavier: Bewegungsphilosophien um 1900 und ihre Auswirkungen auf die heutige Klaviermethodik, Augsburg 2018: Wissner Verlag orig.