Elisabeth of Anhalt (15 October 1545, Dessau – 26 September 1574, Barby) was a German abbess of the secular abbeys at Gernrode and Frose as Elisabeth III of Anhalt.
In 1565, Elisabeth was elected abbess of the imperial abbey of St. Cyriac in Gernrode.
Her attempts to improve the financial situation of the heavily indebted met with little success.
She married on 19 July 1570 in Bernburg with Count Wolfgang II of Barby and Mühlingen (1531–1615).
A dispute arose between Elisabeth and her brother Prince Joachim Ernest about the Abbey and her claim on Anlat.