[21] In 1641, without having a patent, a group of 60 settlers (20 families) from the New Haven Colony (in today's Connecticut) purchased land along the kill from indigenous Lenape.

[22][23][24] Shortly after Johan Björnsson Printz, governor of New Sweden, arrived in the colony in 1643, he instructed that Fort Nya Elfsborg be built.

In 1655 Peter Stuyvesant, on behalf of the Dutch West India Company, re-asserted control over the region, which was later captured by the British in 1664.

[28] Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Elsinboro Neck, Elsinboro Point, Hagerville, Mill Creek Cove, Moores Corner, Oakwood Beach and Sinnickson Landing.

[citation needed][29] The 2010 United States census counted 1,036 people, 455 households, and 293 families in the township.

Of all households, 27.5% were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

[42] As of the 2000 United States census[13] there were 1,092 people, 468 households, and 324 families residing in the township.

[6][44] At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor.

[50][51][52] For the 119th United States Congress, New Jersey's 2nd congressional district is represented by Jeff Van Drew (R, Dennis Township).

[54] For the 2024-2025 session, the 3rd legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by John Burzichelli (D, Paulsboro) and in the General Assembly by David Bailey (D, Woodstown) and Heather Simmons (D, Glassboro).

[55] Salem County is governed by a five-member Board of County Commissioners who are elected at-large to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year.

Cross (R, Pennsville Township, 2029),[58][59] Sheriff Charles M. Miller (R, Salem, 2027)[60][61] and Surrogate Nicki A. Burke (D, Woodstown, 2025).

[64] Among the township's 2010 Census population, 81.9% (vs. 64.6% in Salem County) were registered to vote, including 99.9% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 84.4% countywide).

[81] Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Salem High School in Salem City, together with students from Lower Alloways Creek Township, Mannington Township and Quinton Township, as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Salem City School District.

[86] No Interstate, U.S., state or major county highways serve Elsinboro Township.

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Elsinboro Township include: