Pilesgrove was incorporated as one of New Jersey's original group of 104 townships that were established on February 21, 1798.

[26] Woodstown serves as the more densely settled commercial core of the paired communities, while Pilesgrove is more agricultural.

[27] Unincorporated communities in the township include Avis Mills, Courees Landing, East Lake, Eldridges Hill, Fenwick, Friendship, Milltown, Paulding, Point Airy, Richmanville, Sharptown, Union Grove and Yorktown.

[29] The 2010 United States census counted 4,016 people, 1,488 households, and 1,091 families in the township.

Of all households, 21.5% were made up of individuals and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

[42] As of the 2000 United States census[13] there were 3,923 people, 1,216 households, and 994 families residing in the township.

14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

[3][46][47][48][49] In August 2014, the Township Council selected Joseph Crevino to fill the vacant seat of Jessie B. Smith, who had resigned the previous month from a term expiring in December 2016.

[53][54][55] For the 119th United States Congress, New Jersey's 2nd congressional district is represented by Jeff Van Drew (R, Dennis Township).

[57] For the 2024-2025 session, the 3rd legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by John Burzichelli (D, Paulsboro) and in the General Assembly by David Bailey (D, Woodstown) and Heather Simmons (D, Glassboro).

[58] Salem County is governed by a five-member Board of County Commissioners who are elected at-large to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year.

Cross (R, Pennsville Township, 2029),[61][62] Sheriff Charles M. Miller (R, Salem, 2027)[63][64] and Surrogate Nicki A. Burke (D, Woodstown, 2025).

[67] Among the township's 2010 Census population, 72.4% (vs. 64.6% in Salem County) were registered to vote, including 90.9% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 84.4% countywide).

[95] The New Jersey Turnpike crosses the northwest corner of Pilesgrove Township.

[96] U.S. Route 40 traverses the township roughly east to west[97] and Route 45 crosses the township roughly south to north,[98] with the two roadways meeting in Woodstown, the donut hole at the center.

[99] NJ Transit provides bus service between Salem and Philadelphia on the 401 route.

[102] People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Pilesgrove Township include: