Emergency evacuation
Proper planning will use multiple exits, contra-flow lanes, and special technologies to ensure full, fast and complete evacuation.
Regulations such as building codes can be used to minimize the negative consequences of the threat triggering the evacuation and optimize the need to self-evacuate without causing alarm.
Therefore, key elements for emergency planning and preparedness are early warnings for the people inside the building by emergency helpers but also voice assistance, facilities to leave the building safe and fast, such as exit routes and good evacuation practices.
This is a section of the building that is reinforced to protect against specific hazards, such as fire, smoke or structural collapse.
Typically persons with limited mobility are requested to report to a safe haven for rescue by first responders.
Commercial passenger vehicles such as buses, boats, and aircraft also often have evacuation lighting and signage, and in some cases windows or extra doors that function as emergency exits.
[4] The new techniques are for example based on a communication protocol such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, UWB or RFID and the use of indoor positioning system.
The use of The Internet of Things technologies in small scale evacuations can result in a faster evacuation time: Mostly by localizing the fire sources, analysing the fire spreading inside the building or finding people that are trapped inside the building.
Despite mandatory evacuation orders, many people did not leave New Orleans, United States, as Hurricane Katrina approached.
Hurricane Gustav used military airlift resources to facilitate evacuating people out of the affected area.
Their locations and inherent design to accommodate bus transportation makes it an ideal evacuation point.
To facilitate voluntary compliance with mandatory evacuation orders first responders and disaster management officials have used creative techniques such as asking people for the names and contact of their next-of-kin, writing their Social Security Numbers on their limbs and torso to enable identification of remains,[8] and refusing to provide government services in the affected area, including emergency services.
An emergency evacuation kit is a container of food, clothing, water, and other supplies that can be used to sustain an individual during lag time.
During this time, evacuees may suffer fairly primitive conditions; no clean water, heat, lights, toilet facilities, or shelter.
The development of digital infrastructure resources opened a new research area in the design of cyber-physical systems[9] to provide the individual with safer options during an emergency evacuation.
