He was the youngest son of Immanuel Nobel (1801–1872) and Karolina Andrietta Ahlsell (1803–1889).
In 1842, Immanuel Nobel opened a workshop with foundry in St. Petersburg returning to Sweden in 1859 with his youngest sons Emil and Alfred.
Emil was the only member of the family to go to college, attending the University of Uppsala.
After the explosion, production of nitroglycerin was banned in the factory, but continued close to Heleneborg on an anchored barge in a bay of Lake Mälaren.
His brother Alfred was not in the factory at the time of Emil's death but later managed to stabilize dynamite with a diatomaceous earth called kieselguhr.