From 1975 to 1980, she studied history and ethnology in Cologne, earning her PhD with a dissertation on German foreign policy during the Agadir Crisis.

From 2002 to 2006, she served as Director of the OSCE Division and Commissioner for Conflict Prevention and Crisis Management in the Euro-Atlantic Framework at the Federal Foreign Office in Berlin.

From 2009 to 2011, Haber served as Director-General for Political Affairs of the Federal Foreign Office in Berlin, becoming the first woman to hold this post.

She was appointed to the position of State Secretary of the Federal Foreign Office by Minister Guido Westerwelle in 2011, again becoming the first woman to assume this role.

From 2014 to 2018, she served as State Secretary of the Federal Ministry of the Interior under the leadership of Minister Thomas de Maizière, where she was responsible for security, migration, and integration.