Emma Georgina Rothschild CMG (born 16 May 1948) is an English economic historian, a professor of history at Harvard University.

She formerly served as board member of United Nations Foundation and as a professor at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) in Paris.

At the age of 15, she became the youngest woman ever admitted to Somerville College, Oxford, from which she graduated with a BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics in 1967.

She was a Kennedy Scholar in Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

[citation needed] She was an associate professor at MIT in the Department of Humanities and the Program on Science, Technology, and Society and also taught at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris, France.