[4] Signs and symptoms of emphysematous cystitis include air in the bladder wall, altered mental status, severe abdominal pain, weakness, dark urine, dysuria, fever, lethargy, vomiting, as well as white blood cells and bacteria in the urine.

[8] Risk factors include catheter use and chronic urinary tract infections, being female, diabetes mellitus, neurogenic bladder, and being in an immunocompromised state.

After a stay in Intensive Care undergoing broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, the patient was eventually discharged in stable condition.

[2] Cases of Emphysematous Cystitis in a clinical study have shown to progress quickly and are life-threatening and sometimes fatal due to inflammation caused by gas forming organisms.

[6] Radiology of the abdominal or pubic region has proven to be an important tool in reaching a definitive diagnosis of conditions causing gas in the urinary tract.

Computer tomography, or CT scans, are of most help due to their high sensitivity in detecting gas and air bubbles.

However, surgery is only considered in severe cases where the disease progresses involving the ureters, kidneys, or adrenal glands.

[6] Antibiotics are proven to cure Emphysematous cystitis over time and reduce the amount of gas inside the bladder wall.

[2] Gas formation in diabetic patients diagnosed with Emphysematous cystitis has been determined to occur due to the production of carbon dioxide as a result of the fermentation of the high concentrations of glucose.

Inflammation caused by infection increases pressure and decreases circulation, which provides the perfect environment for bacteria to produce gas.