Empoasca decipiens

[4] Both nymphs and adults of this small insect are considered to be a very destructive pests on field crops, vegetables and greenhouse plants.

E. decipiens undergoes incomplete metamorphosis, meaning the nymphs resemble adult leafhoppers during their five nymphal stages, but do not develop wings until their fourth instar.

Previous studies have established that the leafhopper prefers species of plants whose leaves lack trichomes, have soft tissues, and are of large size.

[citation needed] Both adult and nymph green leafhoppers are polyphagous and attack various kinds of vegetables, ornamental plants, and field crops.

[10] Additionally, the chlorosis caused by hopperburn can reduce quality of crops, and stylet punctures can remain visible on some fruits (e.g. capsicum, tomato) decreasing their market value.

[12] Buprofezin, an insect growth regulator, has been proven to effectively control for the leafhopper, and it is of little to no harm to other natural organisms present in greenhouses.

(minute pirate bugs) are predatory insects that are commonly used as a biological control in greenhouses and against E. decipiens.

Egg parasitism is beneficial because it stops the production of more green leafhoppers which will prevent future damage of plants.

[11] Females of this species will search for eggs with their antennae by sensing for traces of leafhopper activity, such as feeding bumps or oviposition wounds, on plants.

The ability of A. atomus to discriminate between infested and non-infested plants,[8] recognize preferences in location for oviposition by E. decipiens,[11] short life cycle, and its ability to parasitize eggs throughout the development of E. decipiens, are all reasons that make A. atomus a parasitoid that may be effective in the biological control for the leafhopper.

In the treatments where M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were utilized, first instar nymphs were less sensitive to the effects of the fungi compared to older leaf hoppers.

The ability of these fungi to develop in high humidity and moderate temperature environments, in addition to their virulence, make them good potential microbial controls for E.