[2] Although the term "insect growth disruptor" more accurately describes the actions of IGRs, it did not become widely used.
[1][3] Juvenile hormone (JH) controls many important processes in insects including metamorphosis.
JH mimics sold for $87 million globally in 2018, which is a small proportion of the $18.4 billion insecticide market in 2018.
Methoprene and pyriproxyfen are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for treating drinking water sources and containers.
[7] They disrupt moulting and egg hatch and act by inhibiting the enzyme chitin synthase.
Both tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide were registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under its Reduced Risk Pesticide Program.
Azadirachtin (AzaGuard), a natural product found in extracts from the neem tree, shows antifeedant, repellent and insecticidal activity.
Many different symptoms and modes of action are observed, including disruption of growth and moulting.