[1]Other empty chair debates include a series of them staged by John Foster Dulles in 1949 against an absent Herbert Lehman, against whom he was running for the U.S.
[3] In 2011, the American philosopher William Lane Craig invited Richard Dawkins to debate on the existence of God at the Sheldonian Theatre, in Oxford, England.
[4] On August 20, 2012, American actor and director Clint Eastwood held an empty chair conversation with President Barack Obama at the Republican National Convention.
The League of Women Voters has issued guidelines (revised July 2014) discouraging but not prohibiting the staging of League-sponsored empty chair debates, citing possible conflict with FCC and IRS regulations governing partisan political events sponsored by non-profit organizations.
[6] On November 6, 2019, Kay Burley of Sky News empty-chaired James Cleverly, the Chairman of the UK's Conservative Party, after he refused to go on air to be interviewed as previously arranged, despite being physically in the studio building.