Energy policy
Access to energy is critical for basic social needs, such as lighting, heating, cooking, and healthcare.
A national energy policy comprises a set of measures involving that country's laws, treaties and agency directives.
[9] In 2019, some companies “have committed to set climate targets across their operations and value chains aligned with limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and reaching net-zero emissions by no later than 2050”.
[16][17][18][19] Thirty-one countries operate nuclear power stations, and there are a considerable number of new reactors being built in China, South Korea, India, and Russia.
[20] As of June 2011, countries such as Australia, Austria, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal, Israel, Malaysia, and Norway have no nuclear power stations and remain opposed to nuclear power.
[21][22] Public policy has a role to play in renewable energy commercialization because the free market system has some fundamental limitations.
As the Stern Review points out: "In a liberalised energy market, investors, operators and consumers should face the full cost of their decisions.
[35] The primary energy consumption in India grew by 13.3% in FY2022-23 and is the third biggest with 6% global share after China and USA.
There is an ambitious goal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in future years, but it is unclear whether the programmes in place are sufficient to achieve this objective.
[citation needed] The United Kingdom historically has a good policy record of encouraging public transport links with cities,[citation needed] despite encountering problems with high speed trains, which have the potential to reduce dramatically domestic and short-haul European flights.
It addresses issues of energy production, distribution, consumption, and modes of use, such as building codes, mileage standards, and commuting policies.
Energy policy may be addressed via legislation, regulation, court decisions, public participation, and other techniques.
