English Fury at Mechelen

[3] Governor Pontus of Noyelles thanked Orange for (reluctantly) acquiescing to these developments, then defected to the royalist side and made peace with Parma.

[7] The English and Scottish mercenaries under van den Tympel turned against the population, plundering homes, churches and monasteries; some tombstones were removed from the town's cemeteries and sold in England.

Some sixty civilians were killed and Archbishop Mathias Hovius hid in a cupboard for three days and then fled the city, dressed as a peasant.

The Carmelite friar Petrus de Wolf participated in the defence of the city and was killed by John Norreys himself with his bare hands.

[2][7] Mechelen remained under Calvinist rule until it was reconquered in 1585 by the Spanish under Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma as one of the last cities in the Southern Netherlands.

The frontline in 1580