[6][8] Citizen science can be used as a methodology where public volunteers help in collecting and classifying data, improving the scientific community's capacity.
[10][9][11] Internships are typically longer term voluntary placements, aimed at graduates wishing to gain the experience required to work in the environmental sector.
The Taylor Report into working practises advocated the banning of unpaid internships as they were seen as a barrier to those entering professions from low socio-economic backgrounds.
Specific concerns relating to Internships in the Environmental sector are more based reducing the number of level entry posts, exploitation for menial tasks.
[12] The concept of 'voluntary credentialism' with extended periods of volunteer work being seen as required for paid roles, whether of relevance to the post or not, is being seen.
A cleanup or clean-up is a form of environmental volunteering where a group of people get together to pick-up and dispose of litter in a designated location.