Ephraim Dawson (died 27 August 1746) was an Anglo-Irish politician.
He was a successful banker, and used his wealth to purchase an estate at Portarlington, County Laois.
In 1713, he was elected as a Member of Parliament for Portarlington in the Irish House of Commons.
He represented the seat until 1715, when he was elected to represent Queen's County; he sat for the constituency until his death in 1746.
He was succeeded by his son, William Dawson, who was created Viscount Carlow in 1776.