Erastus Bradley Wolcott (October 18, 1804 – January 5, 1880) was an American physician, surgeon, and Wisconsin pioneer.

He and his brothers and cousins were all well trained in musical instruments and, as children, performed for the Marquis de Lafayette during his visit to Rochester, New York, in 1825.

In the meantime, Wolcott had been studying a medical apprenticeship under Joshua Lee, and was licensed to practice medicine in Yates County that same year.

In the federal service, he participated in the Cherokee removal,[2] and was then assigned to Fort Mackinac, in the Michigan Territory.

[2] Wolcott was a pioneer of several new surgical techniques, and was recorded as the first surgeon to perform a live Nephrectomy (removing a human kidney).

[1] He was described as an expert in the study of anatomy and generally worked unassisted, due to the lack of trained medical personnel in the territory.

[3] After the outbreak of the American Civil War, in April 1861, one of the first military actions by Wisconsin governor Alexander Randall was to reappoint Wolcott as surgeon general.

[3] Erastus Wolcott met and married his first wife, Elizabeth Jane Dousman, at Fort Mackinac, Michigan.